Sleep-EVAL Research

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	INFORMATION
	• Sleep Epidemiology • Questioning your sleep • Public Health Issues ----------- • Research Aims • Sleep-EVAL - Expert System - Inference Engine - Knowledge Base - Fuzzy Logic
	SLEEP HABITS
	Sleep habits by countries, naps
	SLEEP DISORDERS
	• Dyssomnias - Breathing Disorders - UARS (disabled) - Sleep Apnea - Apnea/Hypertension - Daytime Sleepiness - Hypersomnia (disabled) - Insomnia - Epidemiology - Literature Review - Etiological Forms - Elderly - With Pain - Narcolepsy - Periodic Limb Movement - Restless Legs Syndrome • Parasomnias New - Bruxism - Confusional Arousals - Hypnagogic H. - Hypnopompic H. (disabled) - Nightmares - Sleep Paralysis - Sleep Terrors - Sleep Violence - Sleep Walking - Snoring
	ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
	• Physical Disorders - Morning Headaches - Hypertension - Chronic Pain • Mental Disorders - Producing Insomnia - Producing Hypersomnia - Producing Parasomnias
	TARGET POPULATIONS
	• Adolescents • Elders - Cognition and EDS* - Insomnia in Elderly • Shift Workers • Countries • Primary Care
	MENTAL DISORDERS
	• Depression - Major Depression (disabled) - Physical Signs (disabled) - With Chronic Pain - With Psychotic Features - With Sleep Apnea • Hallucinations - Historical Perspective - Prevalence, Comorbidity - Hypnagogic - Hypnopompic (disabled) • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychotropics

Knowledge Base

Last edited | 10/22/2008

Written by Maurice M. Ohayon, MD, DSc, PhD

The inference engine uses its knowledge base to pose questions, to infer hypotheses and to deduce diagnostic conclusions

Decisional Trees and Questionnaires

The knowledge base of Sleep-EVAL contains the knowledge representation of several thousand questions assessing:

Socio-demographic information

Age,
gender,
marital status,
residence,
employment,
income,
educational level,
etc...

Sleep/wake schedule

For work-days, week-end or merely days off, and vacation periods:

Bedtime,
Sleep latency,
Total time in bed during a 24-hour period ,
Morning awakening,
etc...

Evening activities just preceding bedtime and activities in bed

Watching television,
Reading,
Eating,
Working,
etc...

Duration of these activities when in bed.

Quality of nocturnal sleep or longest sleep period

Satisfaction with sleep duration,
Sleep latency (time to fall asleep),
Dreading bedtime,
Nightmares,
Dreams,
Restorative function of sleep,
Depth of sleep,
Ease of getting started in the morning,
Staying in bed upon awkening,
Ease of waking up at right time,
Frequency, causes and duration of awakenings during sleep

Symptoms or behaviors occurring in sleep

Snoring,
tooth grinding,
Sleep talking,
Breathing pauses,
Sleep starts,
Violent behaviors during sleep,
Restless legs,
Pain in legs,
Nocturnal incontinence,
etc...

Sleep habits and sleep hygiene

Insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness

The Chalder fatigue scale

Episodic psychic symptoms

Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations

Impacts of sleep problems on driving

Impacts of sleep problems on health

Daily intake of Substances

Tobacco,
Caffeine,
Alcohol,
Psychotropic drugs
Street drugs

name, quantity, frequency, effects, behavioral modifications, cognitive effects.

Medications

Current usage of sleep enhancing medication,
Anxiety-reducing medication,
Antidepressant medication
Other Medications with their allegedly reported indication.

Qualifiers: time, frequency, schedule of intake, prescribers, effects on sleep
Previous usage of similar drugs

Medical history (including medication indications)

Medical consultations in the last 12 month period (Consulted physician, number of consultations),
Hospitalizations (number, duration and reason)
Physical illnesses,
Weight,
Height,
Blood Pressure

Assessment of social life

Relationships with friends, spouse and children
Frequency of social meetings during the past year with friends, relatives, etc...
Overall social life,
Amount of time given to leisure during the past two months,
Presence of a close friend
Availability of psychological support if needed

Positive and differential diagnosis of Mental Disorders

According to DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) classification

Positive and differential diagnosis of Sleep Disorders

According to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-97) (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 1997)

Past and current Organic diseases

According to the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10, WHO).

Several pain, psychosis, depression and anxiety scales and questionnaires

Cognitive evaluations, Mac Nair Scale, Mini-Mental State Examination

Quality of Life, Autonomy Scale, Disability Scale

Health care and health economics

Fuzzy Set of Answers

Each question may be answered according to a fuzzy set of answers.

Four types of fuzzy sets are used in order to evaluate:

frequency,
quantity,
intensity,
quality,
and finally the level of adhesion to the answer by a progressive scale.

References

Ohayon MM. Sleep-EVAL, Knowledge Based System for the Diagnosis of Sleep and Mental Disorders. Registration #437699, Copyright Office, Canadian Intellectual Property Office. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 1994. (English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Finnish, Swedish, Korean, Chinese versions).
Ohayon M. Knowledge Based System Sleep-EVAL: Decisional Trees and Questionnaires. Quebec National Library, ISBN 2-921483-06-8, 1995.

Ohayon MM. Improving decisionmaking processes with the fuzzy logic approach in the epidemiology of sleep disorders. J Psychosom Res 1999 Oct;47(4):297-311

Research

• Research Aims

• Sleep-EVAL

Information

• Sleep Epidemiology

• Questioning your sleep

• Public Health Issues

Sleep-EVAL more

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