Italy

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	INFORMATION
	• Sleep Epidemiology • Questioning your sleep • Public Health Issues ----------- • Research Aims • Sleep-EVAL - Expert System - Inference Engine - Knowledge Base - Fuzzy Logic
	SLEEP HABITS
	Sleep habits by countries, naps
	SLEEP DISORDERS
	• Dyssomnias - Breathing Disorders - UARS (disabled) - Sleep Apnea - Apnea/Hypertension - Daytime Sleepiness - Hypersomnia (disabled) - Insomnia - Epidemiology - Literature Review - Etiological Forms - Elderly - With Pain - Narcolepsy - Periodic Limb Movement - Restless Legs Syndrome • Parasomnias New - Bruxism - Confusional Arousals - Hypnagogic H. - Hypnopompic H. (disabled) - Nightmares - Sleep Paralysis - Sleep Terrors - Sleep Violence - Sleep Walking - Snoring
	ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
	• Physical Disorders - Morning Headaches - Hypertension - Chronic Pain • Mental Disorders - Producing Insomnia - Producing Hypersomnia - Producing Parasomnias
	TARGET POPULATIONS
	• Adolescents • Elders - Cognition and EDS* - Insomnia in Elderly • Shift Workers • Countries • Primary Care
	MENTAL DISORDERS
	• Depression - Major Depression (disabled) - Physical Signs (disabled) - With Chronic Pain - With Psychotic Features - With Sleep Apnea • Hallucinations - Historical Perspective - Prevalence, Comorbidity - Hypnagogic - Hypnopompic (disabled) • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder • Psychotropics

General Information

Official Name	Italian Republic
Capital	Rome
Area	301,225 Sq Km (116,304 Sq Mi)
Population 2003	57,998,353
Location	Italy is located in southern Europe.

Geography	It is bound by Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas to the west, France to the northwest, Switzerland and Austria to the north, Slovenia to the northeast, the Adriatic Sea to the east as well as the Ionian and Mediterranean Seas to the south.
Density (1991)	191 persons per sq km (495 persons per sq mi)
Urban-Rural (1990)	7.2% urban 32.8% rural
Sex Distribution (1990)	48.6% male 51.4% female
Life Expectancy at Birth (1989)	73.5 years male 80.0 years female
Age Breakdown (1988)	18% under 15 24% 15 to 29 20% 30 to 44 9% 45 to 59 14% 60 to 74 5% 75 and over
Birth Rate (1991)	9.8 per 1,000
Death Rate (1991)	9.6 per 1,000
Increase Rate (1991)	0.2 per 1,000
Infant Mortality Rate (1991)	8.3 per 1,000 live births

Sleep Habits

Sleep/wake schedule

The Italian population goes to sleep around 11:08PM and wakes up around 7:00 AM.

They sleep on average 7 hours 5 minutes.

On week ends or days off, they sleep about 62 minutes more than on week days.

The bedtime is varying for more than one on five individuals while the wake up time is varying for one on 10 individuals

Naps

About one on six individuals are regularly napping and less than 1% of the population is napping at least two times in the same day.

Insomnia

One on ten individuals has difficulty falling asleep
One on five individuals has a disrupted sleep
One on 13 individuals wake up too early in the morning
One on ten individuals feels sleep is not refreshing

One individual on 12 complained about the quality or quantity of his or her sleep.

This does not mean that all these individuals are insomniacs: only one on 12 individuals has a diagnosis of insomnia.

From Ohayon MM, Smirne S. Prevalence and consequences of insomnia disorders in the general population of Italy. Sleep Medicine 2002; 3:115-120.

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